What is Project Tiger?
Project
Tiger is a centrally sponsored scheme that offers support to the tiger states
for the conservation of the species of tiger in recognized tiger reserves. On
April 1, 1973, the Indian government introduced Project Tiger to encourage
tiger conservation. The project is the largest species conservation programme
of its kind. This was created using Core-Buffer Strategy:
•
The buffer or periphery regions are a mixture of forest and non-forest land
that is administered as a multiple-use area. It provides habitat supplement to
wild animals and site-specific development to surrounding villages so that they
don’t impact the core areas. • The core portions have the legal status of a
national park or a wildlife century for the conservation of tigers. History of Tiger
Conservation Around 1970, a team of scientists and conservationists put tension
on the Indian government concerning the constant decline in the tiger
population. As a result, the wildlife protection act was created in 1972,
ending all hunting in India legally and establishing legal protection for
targeted species.
•
Later, in 1973 Project Tiger was started, with Dr. Kailash Sankhala serving as
its first director. • The first tiger reserve in India was the Jim Corbett
Tiger Reserve in Uttarakhand. • Eight additional tiger reserves were created
totaling over 9115 square kilometres of forest area. This area has increased to
71,000 square kilometres to date, a significant improvement from its early days
but still not nearly enough forest cover for a developing nation like India
with a stunning and extensive natural heritage. • In India, there are currently
53 tiger reserves. Objectives of Project Tiger The important objectives of
Project Tiger are listed below: • To make sure that anything limiting the habitats
for tigers is avoided. • In order to maintain the equilibrium of the ecosystem,
any harm done to these habitats should be rectified.
Tiger Task Force
A
need for increased surveillance and an additional layer of protection was added
in the year 2005. This was a result of widespread poaching and the development
of powerful poaching networks by traffickers within India. The sudden
disappearance of the tiger population in the famously endangered Sariska Tiger
reserve in Rajasthan came to the attention of media and local conservationists.
As a result, Indian Prime Minister Mr. Manmohan Singh established the Tiger
Task Force to strengthen the conservation of the country's national animal.
The Tiger Task Force
established the following criteria as the benchmark for all national tiger
reserves:
•
Examining the numerous issues relating to the conservation of tigers and making
recommendations for solutions.
•
Improving techniques for stopping the hunting of tigers and unlawful behavior
in wildlife reserves. • Improve the mechanism for accounting and predicting the
tiger population.
• Educating the indigenous locals who live in
the reserves regarding tiger conservation and environmental protection.
Challenges in
Conservation of Tigers
The
following our challenges faced in the conservation of tigers in our country:
•
Ecosystem fragmentation
•
Providing tiger-exclusive territory to support its social dynamics •
Safeguarding tigers against poaching and hunting
• Resolving the tiger-human interface
•
Rehabilitating corridors, and winning the public‘s support
•
Offering environmentally sustainable solutions to the locals. Tiger Census in
India
•
The procedure for calculating the population of tigers in a selected area is
called tiger census. • It takes place at regular intervals of time to
understand how the tiger populations have improved and their population trends.
•
The readily used technique is referred to as the pugmarks census technique.
Through this technique, the pugmark imprints of the tiger are taken into
consideration and the tigers are identified on the basis of it.
•
The latest techniques include camera trapping and DNA fingerprinting. In the
process of camera trapping, the photographers capture the different tigers
which are then identified on the basis of the patterns of stripes on their
bodies.
•
The advanced technique of DNA fingerprinting helps in the identification of
tigers using their faecal matter.
NICE
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